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Hypatia ( or ;〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/hypatia )〕 ''Hypatía'') (born c. AD 350 – 370; died 415〔〔(Hypatia of Alexandria ), MacTutor History of Mathematics, School of Mathematics and Statistics, Univ. of St Andrews, Scotland. Accessed 2015-11-19.〕) was a Greek mathematician, astronomer, and philosopher in Egypt, then a part of the Eastern Roman Empire. She was the head of the Neoplatonic school at Alexandria, where she taught philosophy and astronomy.〔Krebs, ''Groundbreaking Scientific Experiments, Inventions, and Discoveries''; ''The Cambridge Dictionary of Philosophy, 2nd edition, Cambridge University Press, 1999: ''"Greek Neoplatonist philosopher who lived and taught in Alexandria."''〕〔(Columbia Encyclopedia, Hypatia ) citation:''Alexandrian Neoplatonic philosopher and mathematician''〕〔(Hypatia ), ''Encyclopædia Britannica'': ''"Egyptian Neoplatonist philosopher who was the first notable woman in mathematics."''〕 According to contemporary sources, Hypatia was murdered by a Christian mob after being accused of exacerbating a conflict between two prominent figures in Alexandria: the governor Orestes and the Bishop of Alexandria.〔Edward Jay Watts, (2006), (''City and School in Late Antique Athens and Alexandria''. "Hypatia and pagan philosophical culture in the later fourth century" ), pages 197–198. University of California Press〕 == Life == The mathematician and philosopher Hypatia of Alexandria was the daughter of the mathematician Theon Alexandricus (c. 335 – c. 405). She was educated in Athens. Around AD 400, she became head of the Platonist school at Alexandria,〔(Multicultural Resource Center: Hypatia )〕〔Dzielska 1995, p. 66〕〔''Historical Dictionary of Feminism'', by Janet K. Boles, Diane Long Hoeveler. p. 166.〕 where she imparted the knowledge of Plato and Aristotle to students, including pagans, Christians, and foreigners.〔〔〔Bregman, J. (1982). "Synesius of Cyrene: Philosopher-bishop". Berkeley: University of California Press.〕 Although contemporary 5th-century sources identify Hypatia of Alexandria as a practitioner and teacher of the philosophy of Plato and Plotinus, two hundred years later, the 7th-century Egyptian Coptic bishop John of Nikiû identified her as a Hellenistic pagan and that "she was devoted at all times to magic, astrolabes and instruments of music, and she beguiled many people through her Satanic wiles".〔〔John, Bishop of Nikiu, Chronicle 84.87–103〕 However, not all Christians were as hostile towards her: some Christians even used Hypatia as symbolic of Virtue.〔 The contemporary Christian historiographer Socrates Scholasticus described her in ''Ecclesiastical History'': There was a woman at Alexandria named Hypatia, daughter of the philosopher Theon, who made such attainments in literature and science, as to far surpass all the philosophers of her own time. Having succeeded to the school of Plato and Plotinus, she explained the principles of philosophy to her auditors, many of whom came from a distance to receive her instructions. On account of the self-possession and ease of manner which she had acquired in consequence of the cultivation of her mind, she not infrequently appeared in public in the presence of the magistrates. Neither did she feel abashed in going to an assembly of men. For all men on account of her extraordinary dignity and virtue admired her the more.〔 Hypatia corresponded with former pupil Synesius of Cyrene, who was tutored by her in the philosophical school of Platonism and later became bishop of Ptolemais in AD 410, an exponent of the Christian Holy Trinity doctrine.〔A. Fitzgerald, Letters of Synesius of Cyrene, London, 1926. ((Letter 154 of Synesius of Cyrene to Hypatia )).〕 Together with the references by the pagan philosopher Damascius, these are the extant records left by Hypatia's pupils at the Platonist school of Alexandria.〔Dzielska 1995, p. 28〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Hypatia」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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